In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression of a panel of layer-specific markers covering all cortical layers (Satb2, Cux2, RORβ, ER81, Tbr1, SMI32, and NeuN) in cortical tubers of patients with TSC compared to perilesional cortex of the same patients, as well as to FCD type IIb or aged- and location-matched controls. The gene discussed is TBR1; the disease is tuberous sclerosis.