Compared with existing methods, Xtail results in significant improvements in the sensitivity to differential translations and the accuracy of differentiating translational changes from false discoveries, as shown by multiple tests with simulation data and real data from two published studies on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling perturbation in human cancer cells5 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) treatment in human primary macrophages14. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and cancer.