eIF2α phosphorylation, which is induced by eIF2α kinases (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and haem-regulated inhibitor kinase) in response to various types of stress including endoplasmic reticulum stress, amino-acid unavailability, haem deficiency and viral infection, inhibits GEF function of eIF2B, thereby suppressing TC recycling and limiting TC levels1, 2. Here, EIF2AK4 is linked to viral infectious disease.