Compared to the ASD observed in the previous simulations (data not shown), some variables had ASD comparable to the ‘weak’ confounding condition (like continuous ‘age’ or binary ‘Atrial fibrillation’ variables), but also comparable to the ‘moderate’ (like continuous ‘BMI’ or binary ‘Insulin’ variables), or ‘strong’ confounding condition (like the multimodal ‘region’ variable). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is atrial fibrillation.