To this end, a panel of influenza-derived CD8+ T cell epitope peptides (see Table 1), consisting of 1 nucleoprotein (NP) epitope, 10 polymerase epitopes, and 2 matrix (M1) epitopes, was used in IFN-γ ELISPOT assays because they are highly conserved among different influenza subtypes. Here, IFNG is linked to influenza.