As shown in Fig. 2, naringenin administration had an inhibitory effect on pulmonary metastasis at day 34 (similar inhibitory effects on pulmonary metastasis at day 24 shown in Additional file 3: Figure S2A) and prolonged survival to levels comparable with 1D11 antibody administration in 4T1/TGF-β1 tumor-bearing mice, but better than 1D11 in 4T1/RFP tumor-bearing mice (for survival in 4T1/RFP: naringenin vs control, P = 0.032 and 1D11 vs control, P = 0.19; for survival in 4T1/TGF-β1: naringenin vs control, P = 0.012 and 1D11 vs control, P = 0.021) (Fig. 2a–c). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.