SLC15A4-, MyD88-, IRF8-, or IRF5-deficient lupus-prone mice have shown ameliorated lupus symptoms with reduced IFNα protein level in the serum, decreased IFNα transcript level in pDC, downregulation of type I IFN inducible genes, and suppressed activation of both T cells and B cells [59, 61, 136–138]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.