Studies using gene knockouts in mice have shown that TLR7, MyD88, and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)5 are important for cDC activation in lupus, and TLR8, A20, Lyn, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1), and Bim can downregulate cDC activation [58–65]. This evidence concerns the gene IRF5 and systemic lupus erythematosus.