Due to weak effective (<5%), for further analyses we included the following covariates among chronic conditions: CKD, hepatocellular dysfunction, chronic respiratory failure, heart failure, and neoplasia; among concomitant therapies: ACE inhibitors, ARA, diuretics, metformin, insulin, and iodinated CM; and among intercurrent diseases: AKI, acute respiratory failure, acute heart failure, and sepsis. Here, INS is linked to chronic kidney disease.