TNF and endothelial dysfunction: Some biomarkers of chronic inflammation such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes), endothelial dysfunction (asymmetric dimethylarginine, soluble forms of adhesion molecules), and apoptosis (Fas, Fas ligand) are well known [8–12].