α7nAchR agonist (nicotine, choline and PNU-282987) can suppress the excess lung water, reduce inflammatory cells, myeloperoxidase and proteins in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and down-regulate pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in LPS or acid-induced ALI murine model [12, 13]. Here, TNF is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.