MLXIPL and hepatocellular carcinoma: 2004; Noordeen et al. 2010; Wu et al. 2013). Upon activation by glucose, ChREBP translocates from the cytosol into the nucleus (Kawaguchi et al. 2001). In the nucleus, ChREBP forms a heterodimer with Max‐like protein X (Mlx) to bind to the carbohydrate response element (ChRE) for transcriptional regulation of its target genes (Shih et al. 1995; Stoeckman et al. 2004; Ma et al. 2006). Jeong et al. (2011) demonstrated ChRE motif search and identified 1153 ChREBP‐binding sites and 783 target genes using the chromatin from HepG2, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.