INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: 2011). Drawing on their data, at least some of the activated CD4+ T cells observed in our study may be regulatory T cells; however we did not include a Foxp3 analysis in our experiments, which would have allowed us to confirm this possibility. While previous studies have implicated elevated T cells in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysregulation in obesity (Nishimura et al. 2009), there was no clear difference in insulin sensitivity between the AL and YL mice in the current study, despite observing T cell increases in aged mice.