Recently, it was reported that increased expression of Chop and induction of apoptosis in response to ERS can be directly induced by nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1) in PANC-1 human pancreatic carcinoma cells.20, 21 It is known that Nupr1 (also named as p8 or com1) expression is upregulated in response to stress and thus influenced by the host microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene NUPR1 and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma.