The 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (4EBP1/eIF4E), two major downstream effectors of mTORC1, play important roles in multiple cellular functions and aberrant activation of signaling that leads to cancer transition. The gene discussed is RPS6KB1; the disease is cancer.