The polymorphism of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN), which encodes a natural antagonist of pro-inflammatory cytokines belonging to IL-1 family and Haptoglobin (HP) have been studied in various ethnic groups in association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk and related complications. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is diabetes mellitus.