The identified associations between DNA methylation and future insulin secretion or T2D risk demonstrate, for example, that 1% higher DNA methylation of cg08097417 in KLF14 is associated with 47.3 mU l−1 higher insulin secretion during an OGTT ∼10 years later, while 1% higher DNA methylation of cg16764848 in GNPNAT1 is associated with an 8% lower risk for diabetes ∼11 years later. The gene discussed is GNPNAT1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.