FGFR3 and neoplasm: To exclude the low FGFR3 mutation observed in the present cohort of Chinese UCC patients due to technical problems such as lower sensitivity of Sanger sequencing, poor DNA quality, lower tumor cell numbers or others, we chose to use Sanger technology to screen the TERT promoter for mutation as a reference in these same cohorts of RPC and UBC patients, because the TERT promoter mutation has been shown to be widespread in UCC and closely associated with the FGFR3 mutation.