Thus, phenotypic alterations of residual hematopoietic BM cells, such as those involving maturing neutrophils, monocytic and/or erythroid cells, as well as CD34+ myeloid precursors, have been associated with clonal hematopoiesis in patients with myeloid malignancies including (adult) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) [15, 16, 19]. This evidence concerns the gene CD34 and myelodysplastic syndrome.