Further evidence of association between MND and FTD has been more recently provided by the demonstration that loss of function (LoF) mutations of the TBK1 gene, encoding the TANK-binding kinase 1, causes a dominant form of ALS and FTD which could potentially account for up to 4 % of FALS cases [36, 37]. This evidence concerns the gene TBK1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.