Bae et al. also showed that cell-surface expression of ENO1 has an increased number of monocytes and macrophages isolated from RA patients and that antibodies against ENO1 can stimulate these cells to produce higher amounts of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1α/β, IFN-γ, and PGE230. Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.