We immunostained our NL (Fig. 7A), M (Fig. 7B), and AD (Fig. 7C) case patients for the cell cycle protein marker cyclin A. As reported previously (Busser et al., 1998; Yang et al., 2006), this marker is elevated in a disease-specific manner during the progression of AD and, like other cyclins, can appear in either the nucleus or, more infrequently, the cytoplasm. The gene discussed is CCNA2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.