TNF and neurodegenerative disease: There is growing evidence that an elevation in systemic concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), or an elevation in systemic concentrations of acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with risk of developing metabolic-syndrome related diseases, including type 2 diabetes, and even cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, asthma, and obesity in healthy individuals [2–5].