CD4 and neoplasm: We obtained three major findings: firstly, we have shown associations between pathological stage of disease and TIL density and confirmed the independent association of particular TIL subsets and survival; secondly, we have shown significant correlation between TIL subtypes in OAC, and finally, we found patients with a significantly increased pathological response to NAC had higher levels of TILs in their resected tumour, most notably with CD4+ and CD8+ TILs for local tumour regression and lymph node response, respectively.