Thus, the patients who were on steroids (N = 61), Cytoxan (N = 8), MMF (N = 26), azathioprine (N = 9), methotrexate (N = 11), Plaquenil (N = 34), ACE inhibitors or ARB (N = 40) exhibited mean serum IGFBP-4 levels of 1458, 854, 1183, 1639, 1448, 1121 and 1437 ng/ml, respectively, and none of these values were significantly different from the serum IGFBP-4 levels in SLE patients not on any medication (N = 9; mean = 1808 ng/ml). The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.