CD4 and cancer: While this would typically be thought of as maladaptive, it should be noted that prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis worsened survival in mice overexpressing Bcl-2 in lymphocytes as well as in BIM knockouts following pneumonia in mice with pancreatic cancer [15], so the functional significance of increased CD4+ lymphocyte apoptosis in cancer septic mice needs to be examined further in future experiments.