In addition, galectin-4 has been confirmed to downregulate IL-6, which in turn simultaneously inhibits the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in CRC (Kim et al., 2013; Lang et al., 2007). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.