The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the GM-CSF expression (P = 0.018), TNM stage (P < 0.001), Fuhrman grade (P < 0.001), tumor necrosis (P < 0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors of RFS in clinically localized ccRCC (Table 2). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.