Peptide R could enhance the efficacy of standard treatments such as radiation, chemo- and anti-VEGF therapies, known to up-regulate CXCL12 and CXCR4 as part of the escape program that favors tumor recurrence and dissemination at distance, restores the vasculature and promotes GAM recruitment [56, 57]. Here, CXCL12 is linked to neoplasm.