In contrast, other studies using a T1DM rat or CIRKO mice model, report a reduction in Kv4.2 protein expression, but not for the Kv4.3 channel, were neither the messenger nor protein expression were down-regulated (Kääb et al., 1998; Nishiyama et al., 2001). The gene discussed is KCND2; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.