DDR1 and breast carcinoma: Related to DDR1, it has been identified as a key sensor that monitors the cellular microenvironment and triggers apoptosis through the induction of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-interacting killer protein (BIK) in luminal breast cancer cells within a collagen three dimensional culture system (Maquoi et al., 2012; Assent et al., 2015).