S100B and schizophrenia: Based on findings from other studies demonstrating that S100B decreases only in some patients when medicated (Rothermundt et al., 2001), or that it stays elevated even after 24 weeks of treatment in chronic patients (Rothermundt et al., 2004b), it is reasonable to assume that S100B elevation in schizophrenic patients is associated with pathophysiological processes inherent to psychotic episode in schizophrenia or, more likely, the disorder itself (Rothermundt et al., 2004a).