We demonstrate that elevation of p53 protein in the nuclei is paradoxically associated with an increase in the nuclear level of chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1; Exportin1; XPO1) protein, the main nuclear translocation protein involved in exporting p53 protein to the cytoplasm [22], in preneoplastic livers and rat and human HCC cell lines treated with either tributyrin or sodium butyrate. The gene discussed is XPO1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.