TSC1 and lung adenocarcinoma: It has been reported that seventeen components of the mTOR pathway, including seven oncoproteins (RAF, MAPK, CTNNB1, PI3K, AKT, MDM2 and CDK) and ten tumor suppressor proteins (NF1, GSK3, APC, TSC1/2, PTEN, ATM, STK11, TP53, CDKN2A and RB1) are mutated in more than 30% of lung adenocarcinoma sequenced, not including tumors with KRAS mutations [36].