TNF and infection: In summary, these results suggest that although proinflammatory cytokines such asIL-12p70, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 may actually be part of the processes that lead toplasma leakage, other factors such as viraemia, antibody levels related to ADE or tomolecular mimicry, infection history (primary or secondary infection), geneticbackground, and even age and sex also play a role in and highlight the complex nature ofsevere dengue pathogenesis.