However, during dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) -induced colitis, while mice lacking CD103+CD11b− DCs through deficiency in the transcription factor BATF3 (Basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 3) (BATF3) are as susceptible as their wild-type counterparts34, induced ablation of CD103+CD11b− DCs in Clec9A-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice resulted in significant exacerbation of colitis35. This evidence concerns the gene CLEC9A and colitis.