A number of these SNPs annotate genes with documented roles that are relevant to CRC development, such as Wnt-signalling [WNT4, (17)], tumour suppression [MAPKAPK5, FOXO1 (18,19)] and cellular transformation [CDC42, CEBPB (20,21)] (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene MAPKAPK5 and colorectal carcinoma.