Colon cancers with mutant B4GALT2, MGAT2, or ST8SIA3 showed genomic loss of respective wild-type alleles, while colon cancers with mutant B3GALT1, GAL3ST1, GLT25D2, or PIGO showed loss of transcript expression of respective wild-type alleles, providing evidence for bi-allelic defects in these genes in colon cancer (Supplementary Table S4). Here, GAL3ST1 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.