Identification of the CRAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling cascade as an essential downstream effector of PLK1 in prostate epithelial cells corresponds with the known roles of this cascade in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer, including PCa (McCubrey et al., 2007; Roberts and Der, 2007). Here, MAPK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.