Recent data have demonstrated that of 8 agents approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—including CCBs, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), and prostacyclin analogues—the total annual per patient cost of treatment ranged from $18,000 to $244,000.20 A 2014 study examined health care costs for PAH patients before and 12 months after initiation of PAH-indicated medication. The gene discussed is PDE5A; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.