It is highly relevant to the aetiopathogenesis of a subset of IBD as loss of function mutations in IL10 receptors (IL10R1 and IL10R2) and IL10 result in early onset monogenic forms of the disease, manifesting as aggressive forms of IBD in children (Glocker et al., 2009; Kotlarz et al., 2012; Uhlig et al., 2014). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.