AFP and coinfection: We demonstrated that several factors, including the Fuc-Hpt or Mac-2 bp levels, were associated with the progression of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. In a previous report, there were many risk factors associated with advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C infection, including male sex; the duration of infection; the acquisition of infection at younger age; alcohol consumption; long term immunosuppression, such as HIV and organ transplantation; HBV coinfection; insulin resistance; obesity; steatosis; high AFP levels; high AST levels; and high ALT levels [31, 32].