Finally, we analysed plasma DNA methylation at a specific loci at PDGFα gene; we chose PDGF as it is a well-established profibrotic gene, at which we have previously shown differential DNA methylation.22 In NAFLD liver biopsies, a particular CpG loci undergoes remodelling and becomes hypomethylated with increasing fibrosis severity.22 Remarkably, we found decreases in plasma DNA methylation at the same CpG loci in patients with NAFLD with severe versus mild fibrosis; similar decreases were found in patients with cirrhotic ALD versus controls (see online supplementary figure S2). This evidence concerns the gene PDGFA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.