The combination of these three proteins showed an AUC of 0.710 (95 % CI: 0.631–0.788, P < 0.001) and enhanced a diagnostic accuracy when combined with PSA (AUC = 0.812, (95 % CI: 0.740–0.885, P < 0.001), suggesting a useful biomarker candidate panel segregating BPH from PCa [9]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.