RAF1 and melanoma: While preclinical and clinical studies have shown that targeting BRAF (V600E) melanomas with the use of RAF-selective inhibitors results in initial tumor regression (Fedorenko et al., 2015; Flaherty et al., 2010; Shtivelman et al., 2014), responses to RAF inhibitors are transient, with acquired resistance triggering disease progression (Shtivelman et al., 2014).