CASP9 and digestive system cancer: The protein expression of various biomarkers such as NF-κB, MMP-9, VEGF, p53, cyt-c, caspase-3 and caspase-9 related to colon carcinogenesis, indicated augmented expression of NF-κB in DMH-treated rats as well as DMH-DOX and DOX-treated rats compared to controls.