High levels of Lpd mRNA correlated with reduced metastasis-free and disease-free survival of breast cancer patients in three separate cohorts (Figures 1b and c; Supplementary Figures 1B and C).22, 23, 24 In addition, we explored whether Lpd protein expression levels correlate with clinical outcome for breast cancer patients by staining a tumor microarray (TMA)25 generated from 312 patients with invasive breast cancer with anti-Lpd antibodies. The gene discussed is RAPH1; the disease is invasive breast carcinoma.