We observed that, in contrast to GFP-Lpd, neither of the mutants increased protrusion numbers or speed in cells embedded in matrigel at steady state, or the invasiveness of breast cancer cells through matrigel toward EGF (Figures 7d, e and h and Supplementary Figure 8C), suggesting that phosphorylation by both Abl and Src kinases is required for Lpd-mediated breast cancer invasion. This evidence concerns the gene RAPH1 and breast cancer.