Cdc48, or valosin-containing protein (VCP) in humans, is another hexameric AAAþ ATPase that can promote autophagy (Ju et al., 2009; Krick et al., 2010; Meyer et al., 2012), and mutations in VCP cause familial forms of ALS and MSP (Johnson et al., 2010). Here, VCP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.