This discovery resulted in the accelerated development and approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the ALK-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) crizotinib (Xalkori®, Pfizer, New York, USA) in 2011, and ceritinib (ZykadiaTM, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) in 2014 to treat patients with metastatic NSCLC who express the abnormal ALK gene [10, 11]. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.