To assess the serum TSP1 levels and their association with ESCC progression, we further measured TSP1 in the sera of healthy controls (n = 107) and patients with esophageal mild (n = 100), moderate (n = 18) and severe (n = 19) dysplasia and ESCC (n = 112) with ELISA. This evidence concerns the gene THBS1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.