Compared with the healthy controls (median, 299.83 ng/mL), the TSP1 levels were significantly higher in the ESCC patients (median, 358.89 ng/mL, Mann-Whitney test, P < 0.001) and individuals with severe dysplasia (median, 390.52 ng/mL, Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.002, Figure 4D). The gene discussed is THBS1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.