In primary culture of skeletal muscle isolated from obese individuals or patients with type 2 diabetes, AMPK phosphorylation in response to adiponectin is greatly reduced, demonstrating that impaired signaling downstream of the adiponectin receptor may impair the actions of adiponectin or cause adiponectin resistance (Chen et al., 2005). The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.